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  4. 2024/
  5. December

Santanu Debbarma vs. the State of Tripura and 3 Ors.

Decided on 18 December 2024• Citation: WP(C)/739/2023• High Court of Tripura
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                                  HIGH  COURT  OF TRIPURA                           
                                         AGARTALA                                   
                                  WP(C)   No.739  of 2023                           
                    Santanu  Debbarma                                               
                    Son of Late Manomohan  Debbarma,                                
                    resident of Sankar Chowmuhanni, Krishnanagar,                   
                    PO-Agartala, PS-West Agartala,                                  
                    District- West Tripura, Pin-799001.                             
                                                                ------ Petitioners  
                                            Versus                                  
                1.  The State of Tripura,                                           
                    Represented by the Commissioner & Secretary                     
                    to the GA (P&T) Department,                                     
                    Government  of Tripura,                                         
                    New  Secretariat Complex,                                       
                    Gurkhabasti, Agartala, PO-Kunjaban,                             
                    PS-New  Capital Complex,                                        
                    Sub-Division-Sadar, District-West Tripura.                      
                2.  The Commissioner   & Secretary, Finance  Department             
                    Government  of Tripura,                                         
                    New  Secretariat Complex,                                       
                    Gurkhabasti, Agartala, PO-Kunjaban,                             
                    PS-New  Capital Complex,                                        
                    Sub-Division-Sadar, District-West Tripura.                      
                3.  The Deputy  Secretary, Finance Department                       
                    (Establishment Section), Government of Tripura,                 
                    New  Secretariat Complex,                                       
                    Gurkhabasti, Agartala, PO-Kunjaban,                             
                    PS-New  Capital Complex,                                        
                    Sub-Division-Sadar, District-West Tripura.                      
                4.  The Under  Secretary, Finance Department,                       
                    Government  of Tripura,                                         
                    New  Secretariat Complex,                                       
                    Gurkhabasti, Agartala, PO-Kunjaban,                             
                    PS-New  Capital Complex,                                        
                    Sub-Division-Sadar, District-West Tripura.                      
                                                              ------ Respondents    
                  For Petitioner(s)  :    Mr. P. Roy Barman, Sr. Adv,               
                                          Mr. K. Chakraborty, Adv.                  
                  For Respondent(s)  :    Mr. D. Sarma, Addl. G. A.                 
                  Date of hearing    :    13.12.2024                                
                  Date of delivery of                                               
                  Judgment & Order   :    18.12.2024                                
                  Whether fit for                                                   
                  reporting          :    YES                                       

                                            Page 2 of 16                            
                                         . JUSTICE  BISWAJIT   PALIT                
                           HON’BLE   MR                                             
                                      Judgment    & Order                           
                       By filing this writ petition, the present petitioner has sought
               for the following reliefs:                                           
                                i) Issue Rule, calling upon the Respondents and each one
                                of them, to show cause as to why a Writ of Mandamus 
                                and/or in the  nature thereof, shall not be issued, 
                                mandating/directing them to revoke/rescind the impugned
                                Letter dated 20.03.2021 & the impugned Letter dated 
                                11.04.2022 (Annexures-2 & 4 respectively supra);    
                                ii) Issue Rule, calling upon the Respondents and each one
                                of them, to show cause as to why a Writ of Mandamus 
                                and/or in the  nature thereof, shall not be issued, 
                                mandating/directing them to grant one notional annual
                                increment, for completion of one full year of service (w.e.f.
                                01.07.2018 to 30.06.2019), and thereupon, modify the PPO
                                of the Petitioner in tune therewith, revise the pensionary
                                benefits and monthly pension, and make payment of the
                                arrears thereof, including all other consequential benefits
                                flowing therefrom;                                  
                                iii) Call for the records, appertaining to this Writ Petition;
                                iv) After hearing the parties, be pleased to make the Rule
                                absolute in terms of (i) & (ii) above;              
                                v) Costs of and incidental to this proceeding       
                                vi) Any other Relief(s) as to this Hon’ble High Court may
                                deem fit and proper;                                
               2.      Heard Learned Senior Counsel Mr. P. Roy Barman   assisted    
               by Learned  Counsel Mr. K. Chakraborty appearing on behalf of the    
               petitioner and  also heard  Learned  Addl.  G.A. Mr.  D.  Sarma      
               appearing on behalf of the State-respondents.                        
               3.      Taking  part in  the  hearing, Learned   Senior  Counsel     
               appearing on behalf of the petitioner submitted that the petitioner  
               was initially an employee of the Excise Department, Government of    
               Tripura and while serving in the said department in the year 1991,   

                                            Page 3 of 16                            
               the petitioner was  appointed on  promotion  to the Tripura Civil    
               Service and in course of his employment, he served in the post of    
               Additional Secretary, Tripura Civil Service (Senior Selection Grade),
               Government   of  Tripura and  on  attaining superannuation,  the     
               petitioner proceeded to retirement on 30.06.2019. According to the   
               petitioner, as per Rule  11  of the Tripura State  Civil Services    
               (Revised  Pay) Rules, 2009,  all the Government   employees  are     
               entitled to receive their respective yearly annual increments on the 
                                st                                                  
               uniform date of 1  July, every year and accordingly, the petitioner  
                                                                st                  
               used to get his yearly annual increment on the 1   day of July of    
               every  year but on  promulgation  of Tripura State Civil Services    
               (Revised Pay) Rules, 2017 vide Rule 11 thereof, the said rule was    
               modified to the extent that increment in respect of an employee      
               appointed/promoted/granted    financial  up-gradation   including    
                                                       nd                     st    
               MACPs,  during the period between the 2   day of January and  1      
                                                                      st            
               day  of July (both inclusive) shall be granted on the 1   day of     
               January of the following year and the increment in respect of an     
               employee    appointed/promoted/granted    financial up-gradation     
                                                              nd                    
               including MACPs, during the period between the 2  day of July and    
                st                                                     st           
               1  day of January (both inclusive) shall be granted on the 1 day of  
               July of the following year, hedged by a rider that an employee can   
                                                           st                       
               be allowed to avail his normal increment on 1 day of July subject    
               to exercise of option. And accordingly, the petitioner continued to  
               receive his yearly annual increment upto 01.07.2018 and the same     

                                            Page 4 of 16                            
               was  his last increment, as granted by the respondents.  But the     
               petitioner retired from service on 30.06.2019.                       
               4.      It was further submitted that having served for the period   
               with effect from 01.07.2018 to 30.06.2019, the petitioner was duly   
               entitled to receive his yearly annual increment for the said period  
               but the respondents did not grant the same to the petitioner and as  
               a result of which, the pensionary benefits and monthly pension of    
               the petitioner were settled and paid, excluding the said last unpaid 
               increment.                                                           
               5.      The petitioner being aggrieved submitted a representation    
               requesting the Joint Secretary, GA (P&T) Department, Government      
               of Tripura, to release his said yearly annual  increment for his     
               service rendered  with  effect from  01.07.2018   to 30.06.2019      
               (Annexure-1).                                                        
               6.      In response   to  his said  representation, the  Deputy      
               Secretary,  Department    of  Finance  (Establishment   Section),    
               Government   of Tripura by a letter bearing reference No.F.5(28)-    
               Fin(E)/91  dated  20.03.2021   rejected the  said  claim of  the     
               petitioner on the purported premise that he was not on duty on the   
                st                                                                  
               1  day of July, 2019 (Annexure-2).                                   
               7.      Thereafter, the petitioner filed a writ petition vide No.WP(C)
               No.316  of 2021   before this High Court and this High Court by a    
               judgment  and order dated 13.12.2021 (Annexure-3) disposed of the    
               said writ petition with the following observation:                   
                                   “15. Thus, the respondents are directed to take up this
                                   exercise whether the yearly increment can be released
                                   one day before the day on considering completion of

                                            Page 5 of 16                            
                                   one year of service as required. The State Government
                                   in the Finance Department shall take up such exercise
                                   and give their decision taking all relevant considerations
                                   including the judgments of the Madras High Court and
                                   the Delhi High Court within a period of three months
                                   from the date of receiving a copy of this order. The
                                   release of the increment and its assimilation with the
                                   last pay would depend on such decision.          
                                   In terms of the above, this writ petition stands disposed
                                   of.”                                             
               8.      Thereafter, the Under Secretary, Department  of Finance,     
               Government   of Tripura issued an office Order dated  11.04.2022     
               disallowed the claim of the petitioner (Annexure-4).                 
               9.      Learned Senior Counsel further submitted that in view of the 
               judgment  dated 15.09.2017 passed by the                             
                                                        Division Bench of Hon’ble   
               Madras  High Court in WP No.15732  of 2017 [P. Ayyamperumal  Vs.     
               The Registrar, CAT & Others] (Annexure-5), the petitioner is entitled
               to get  one notional increment for the service rendered by  him.     
               Learned  Senior  Counsel further submitted  that challenging the     
               judgment  of  the  Hon’ble Madras  High  Court, the  respondents     
               preferred one SLP before                                             
                                       the Hon’ble Supreme  Court of India which    
               was numbered  as                                                     
                                SLP(C) No.22283 of 2018 and the Hon’ble Supreme     
               Court  by order  dated 23.07.2018  (Annexure-6)  was  pleased to     
               dismiss the said SLP filed by the respondents. Thus, the judgment    
               dated 15.09.2017  delivered by        Madras  High Court attained    
                                             Hon’ble                                
               finality.                                                            
               10.     Learned Senior Counsel in course of his hearing again drawn  
               the attention of this Court that the similar subject matter was raised
                                                         Civil Appeal No.2471 of    
               before the Hon’ble Supreme Court again in                            
               2023 (@  SLP(C) No.6185/2020) [The Director (Admn. And HR) KPTCL     
               and Others                                                           
                          Vs. C.P. Mundinamani  & Ors.] and the Hon’ble Supreme     
               Court again by judgment dated 11.04.2023 (Annexure-7) reported in    

                                            Page 6 of 16                            
               2023  SCC  Online  SC  401  also laid down certain guidelines and    
               affirmed that a Government servant supreannuated on the earlier day  
               of his date of increment shall be entitled to get the increment from 
               the Department provided if he renders his service with good behavior 
               and efficiently.                                                     
               11.     Lastly, Learned Senior Counsel submitted that from the facts 
               and circumstances of the case, it is clear that the respondents have 
               deprived the petitioner of his legitimate entitlement of one annual  
               increment (for the period from 01.07.2018 to 30.06.2019). As a result
               of which  the  pensionary benefits and  monthly  pension  of the     
               petitioner have been decreased. The impugned communication dated     
               20.03.2021 and  the impugned letter dated 11.04.2022 (Annexure-2     
               and 4) and   non-consideration of annual increment had resulted in   
               gross violation of the constitutional rights of the petitioner granted
               under Articles 14, 16 and 300A of the Constitution of India for which
               the present petitioner has sought for redress of the Court by this writ
               petition.                                                            
               12.     The State-respondents have  contested the  case by  filing   
               counter affidavit denying the assertions of the petitioner in the writ
               petition and it is further submitted that in the light of provisions of the
               fundamental rules like 9(21), 9(6), 17(1), 22, 26(a) and 56(a) Rule  
               5(2) of the adopted Pension Rules and provisions of ROP Rules 2017,  
               a person appointed as a Government servant is entitled to pay and is 
               also entitled to draw   the annual  increment  as  long as  such     
               Government   servant  discharges duties  of the  post  but  such     
               Government  servant may  not be entitled to draw the pay and the     

                                            Page 7 of 16                            
               increment on the date after his retirement, as he ceases to discharge
               those duties to a post. It was further submitted that as per FR 17 read
               with FR 24 and  FR 26, annual increment is given to a Government     
               servant to enable him to discharge duty and draw pay and allowances  
               attached to the  post but if such Government   servant ceases to     
               discharge  his duties by  reason  of attainment  of  the age  of     
               superannuation, he will not be entitled to draw pay and allowances   
               and such employee be not entitled to any increment if it falls due after
               the date  of retirement, be it on the next  day of retirement or     
               sometime  thereafter.                                                
                       Finally, the State respondents took the plea that last pay slip
               of the petitioner was issued with respect to 01.07.2018 and in this  
               case, the petitioner had already become a pensioner on 01.07.2019.   
               So, a  pensioner cannot be  allowed an increment. Hence,  by the     
               counter affidavit, the State-respondents prayed for dismissal of the 
               writ petition.                                                       
               13.     In course  of  hearing, Learned  Senior  Counsel  further    
               submitted that in view of the judgment of the        Madras High     
                                                            Hon’ble                 
               Court which was  affirmed by Hon’ble Supreme  Court later on and     
               subsequent judgment  of the Hon’ble Apex Court, it is clear that the 
               present petitioner is also entitled to get the same benefit as ordered
               in the  said case  being a  Government  servant  as he  sincerely    
               discharged his duties on that relevant point of time and with efficiency
               also.                                                                
               14.     On the other hand, in course of hearing Learned Addl. G.A.,  
               Mr. D. Sarma appearing on behalf of the State-respondents referring  

                                            Page 8 of 16                            
               the aforesaid rules of FR drawn the attention of the Court that those
               citations are not applicable in this present case because those cases
               were  related to Central Government employees  not related to the    
               State Government  employees and in this case, the present petitioner 
               was a servant under the Government  of Tripura and those principles  
               of law laid down cannot be applied in this case and furthermore, the 
               aforesaid provisions of the FR                    at on the day of   
                                          ’s are very much clear th                 
               annual increment, the present petitioner was not on duty. So, he was 
               not discharging any duty as such  he was  not entitled to get any    
               increment and the Finance Department, Government of Tripura rightly  
               disallowed the claim of the petitioner.                              
               15.     I have heard detailed arguments of both the sides and gone   
               through the relevant annexures submitted by the petitioner annexed   
               with the writ petition and also the citations referred by the petitioner
               here in this case. There is no dispute on record that on the day of  
               retirement, the  petitioner was  holding the  post  of Additional    
               Secretary,  Tripura State  Civil Services  (SSG).  He  went   on     
               superannuation/retirement on 30.06.2019 and he was given the last    
               increment  on 01.07.2018  but as  the present petitioner went on     
               retirement on 30.06.2019 so treating him that on 01.07.2019 he was   
               not on duty, his claim was disallowed. Now, here in this writ petition,
               the crux question is whether the present petitioner is entitled to get
                                                   vision Bench of Madras  High     
               the benefit as prayed for. Hon’ble Di                                
               Court in the said case bearing No.WP. No.15732  of 2017  in para     
               No.7 came  to the observation that the petitioner of the said case   
               completed one year full service on 30.06.2013 but the increment fell 

                                            Page 9 of 16                            
               due on 01.07.2013  on which date he was not on service but by the    
                                                                             ed     
               said judgment, Hon’ble Division Bench of Madras High Court direct    
               the State-respondents to pay one notional increment for the period   
               from  01.07.2012 to 30.06.2013  as he completed  one full year of    
               service though his increment fell due on 01.07.2013 for the purpose  
               of pensionary benefits and not for any other purpose. The relevant   
               portion of the said judgment runs as follows:                        
                                   “6. In the case on hand, the petitioner got retired on
                                   30.06.2013. As per the Central Civil Services (Revised
                                   Pay) Rules, 2008, the increment has to be given only on
                                   01.07.2013, but he had been  superannuated on    
                                   30.06.2013 itself. The judgment referred to by the
                                   petitioner in State of Tamil Nadu, rep.by its Secretary to
                                   Government, Finance Department and  others v.    
                                   M.Balasubramaniam, reported in CDJ 2012 MHC 6525,
                                   was passed under similar circumstances on 20.09.2012,
                                   wherein this Court confirmed the order passed in W.P.
                                   No.8440 of 2011 allowing the writ petition filed by the
                                   employee, by observing that the employee had     
                                   completed one full year of service from 01.04.2002 to
                                   31.03.2003, which entitled him to the benefit of 
                                   increment which accrued to him during that period.
                                   7. The petitioner herein had completed one full year
                                   service as on 30.06.2013, but the increment fell due on
                                   01.07.2013, on which date he was not in service. In
                                   view of the above judgment of this Court, naturally he
                                   has to be treated as having completed one full year of
                                   service, though the date of increment falls on the next
                                   day of his retirement. Applying the said judgment to the
                                   present case, the writ petition is allowed and the
                                   impugned order passed by the first respondent-Tribunal
                                   dated 21.03.2017 is quashed. The petitioner shall be
                                   given one notional increment for the period from 
                                   01.07.2012 to 30.06.2013, as he has completed one full
                                   year of service, though his increment fell on 01.07.2013,
                                   for the purpose of pensionary benefits and not for any
                                   other purpose. No costs.”                        
               16.                                                                  
                       The  said judgment  was   challenged before  the Hon’ble     
               Supreme  Court of India in SLP Diary No.22283   of 2018  and the     
                                                        3.07.2018 dismissed the     
               Hon’ble Supreme  Court  by order dated 2                             
               Special Leave petition. The operative portion of the said order runs as
               follows:                                                             
                                     “Delay Condoned.                               
                                     On the facts, we are not inclined to interfere with the
                                     impugned judgment and order passed by the High 
                                     Court of Judicature at Madras.                 

                                           Page 10 of 16                            
                                     The special leave petition is dismissed.”      
               17.                                                            f     
                       Similar issue was raised before the Hon’ble Supreme Court o  
               India  in   Civil  Appeal   No.2471    of   2023    (@   SLP(C)      
               No.6185/2020)                                                        
                                wherein  the judgment  of Hon’ble High Court of     
               Karnataka at Bengaluru in Writ Appeal No.4193/2017 was challenged    
                                                                          dated     
               and the Hon’ble Supreme  Court of India by the said judgment         
               11.04.2023  reported in 2023 SCC  OnLine  SC 401  was pleased to     
               dismiss the appeal preferred by the State-appellants. In para Nos.18 
               to 21  of the said judgment                                          
                                           , the Hon’ble Apex  Court elaborately    
               discussed the entire facts and circumstances of the case including the
               judgments referred by some other High Courts in Delhi High Court in  
               the case of Gopal Singh Vs. Union of India and Ors. (Writ Petition (C)
               No.10509/2019  dated 23.01.2020); the Allahabad High Court in the    
               case of Nand Vijay Singh and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Ors. (Writ A
               No.13299/2020  decided on  29.06.2021); the Madhya  Pradesh High     
               Court in the case of Yogendra Singh Bhadauria and Ors. Vs. State of  
               Madhya  Pradesh; the  Orissa High Court in the case of AFR  Arun     
               Kumar   Biswal  Vs.  State  of Odisha  and   Anr.  (Writ Petition    
               No.17715/2020  decided on 30.07.2021)  although the Full Bench of    
               the Andhra  Pradesh High Court, Himachal Pradesh High  Court and     
               Kerala High Court took a contrary view. The relevant portion of the  
               judgment  of  Hon’ble Supreme  Court  dated  11.04.2023  runs as     
               follows:                                                             
                                   “18. Now, so far as the submission on behalf of the
                                   appellants that as the increment has accrued on the
                                   next day on which it is earned and therefore, even in a
                                   case where an employee has earned the increment one
                                   day prior to his retirement but he is not in service the
                                   day on which the increment is accrued is concerned,
                                   while considering the aforesaid issue, the object and
                                   purpose of grant of annual increment is required to be

                                           Page 11 of 16                            
                                   considered. A government servant is granted the annual
                                   increment on the basis of his good conduct while 
                                   rendering one year service. Increments are given 
                                   annually to officers with good conduct unless such
                                   increments are withheld as a measure of punishment or
                                   linked with efficiency. Therefore, the increment is
                                   earned for rendering service with good conduct in a
                                   year/specified period. Therefore, the moment a   
                                   government servant has rendered service for a specified
                                   period with good conduct, in a time scale, he is entitled
                                   to the annual increment and it can be said that he has
                                   earned the annual increment for rendering the specified
                                   period of service with good conduct. Therefore, as such,
                                   he is entitled to the benefit of the annual increment on
                                   the eventuality of having served for a specified period
                                   (one year) with good conduct efficiently. Merely 
                                   because, the government servant has retired on the
                                   very next day, how can he be denied the annual   
                                   increment which he has earned and/or is entitled to for
                                   rendering the service with good conduct and efficiently
                                   in the preceding one year. In the case of Gopal Singh
                                   (supra) in paragraphs 20, 23 and 24, the Delhi High
                                   Court has observed and held as under:-           
                                     “Payment of salary and increment to a central  
                                     government servant is regulated by the provisions of
                                     F.R., CSR and Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules.
                                     Pay defined in F.R. 9(21) means the amount drawn
                                     monthly by  a central government servant and   
                                     includes the increment. A plain composite reading of
                                     applicable provisions leaves no ambiguity that 
                                     annual increment is given to a government servant
                                     to enable him to discharge duties of the post and
                                     that pay and allowances are also attached to the
                                     post. Article 43 of the CSR defines progressive
                                     appointment to mean an appointment wherein the 
                                     pay is progressive, subject to good behaviour of an
                                     officer. It connotes that pay rises, by periodical
                                     increments from a minimum to a maximum. The    
                                     increment in case of progressive appointment is
                                     specified in Article 151 of the CSR to mean that
                                     increment accrues from the date following that on
                                     which it is earned. The scheme, taken cumulatively,
                                     clearly suggests that appointment of a central 
                                     government servant is a progressive appointment
                                     and periodical increment in pay from a minimum to
                                     maximum  is part of the pay structure. Article 151 of
                                     CSR contemplates that increment accrues from the
                                     day following which it is earned. This increment is
                                     not a matter of course but is dependent upon good
                                     conduct of the central government servant. It is,
                                     therefore, apparent that central government    
                                     employee earns increment on the basis of his good
                                     conduct for specified period i.e. a year in case of
                                     annual increment. Increment in pay is thus an  
                                     integral part of progressive appointment and accrues
                                     from the day following which it is earned.”    
                                                                        (para 23)   
                                     “Annual increment though is attached to the post &
                                     becomes payable on a day following which it is 
                                     earned but the day on which increment accrues or
                                     becomes payable is not conclusive or determinative.
                                     In  the statutory scheme governing progressive 
                                     appointment increment becomes due for the services
                                     rendered over a year by the government servant 
                                     subject to his good behaviour. The pay of a central
                                     government servant rises, by periodical increments,
                                     from a minimum to the maximum in the prescribed

                                           Page 12 of 16                            
                                     scale. The entitlement to receive increment therefore
                                     crystallises when the government servant completes
                                     requisite length of service with good conduct and
                                     becomes payable on the succeeding day.”        
                                                                        (para 24)   
                                     “In isolation of the purpose it serves the fixation of
                                     day  succeeding the date of entitlement has no 
                                     intelligible differentia nor any object is to be
                                     achieved by it. The central government servant 
                                     retiring on 30th June has already completed a year
                                     of service and the increment has been earned   
                                     provided his conduct was good. It would thus be
                                     wholly arbitrary if the increment earned by the
                                     central government employee on the basis of his
                                     good conduct for a year is denied only on the ground
                                     that he was not in employment on the succeeding
                                     day when increment became payable.”            
                                     “In the case of a government servant retiring on
                                     30th of June the next day on which increment falls
                                     due/becomes payable looses significance and must
                                     give way to the right of the government servant to
                                     receive increment due to satisfactory services of a
                                     year so that the scheme is not construed in a manner
                                     that if offends the spirit of reasonableness enshrined
                                     in Article 14 of the Constitution of India. The scheme
                                     for payment of increment would have to be read as
                                     whole and one part of Article 151 of CSR cannot be
                                     read in isolation so as to frustrate the other part
                                     particularly when the other part creates right in the
                                     central government servant to receive increment.
                                     This would ensure that scheme of progressive   
                                     appointment remains intact and the rights earned by
                                     a government servant remains protected and are not
                                     denied due to a fortuitous circumstance.”      
                                   19. The Allahabad High Court in the case of Nand Vijay
                                   Singh (supra) while dealing with the same issue has
                                   observed and held in paragraph 24 as under:—     
                                     “24. Law is settled that where entitlement to receive
                                     a benefit crystallises in law its denial would be
                                     arbitrary unless it is for a valid reason. The only
                                     reason for denying benefit of increment, culled out
                                     from the scheme is that the central government 
                                     servant is not holding the post on the day when the
                                     increment becomes payable. This cannot be a valid
                                     ground for denying increment since the day following
                                     the date on which increment is earned only serves
                                     the purpose of ensuring completion of a year’s 
                                     service with good conduct and no other purpose can
                                     be culled out for it. The concept of day following
                                     which the increment is earned has otherwise no 
                                     purpose to achieve. In isolation of the purpose it
                                     serves the fixation of day succeeding the date of
                                     entitlement has no intelligible differentia nor any
                                     object is to be  achieved by it. The central   
                                     government servant retiring on 30th June has   
                                     already completed a year of service and the    
                                     increment has been earned provided his conduct was
                                     good. It would thus be wholly arbitrary if the 
                                     increment earned by  the central government    
                                     employee on the basis of his good conduct for a year
                                     is denied only on the ground that he was not in
                                     employment on the succeeding day when increment
                                     became  payable. In the case of a government   
                                     servant retiring on 30th of June the next day on
                                     which increment falls due/becomes payable looses
                                     significance and must give way to the right of the

                                           Page 13 of 16                            
                                     government servant to receive increment due to 
                                     satisfactory services of a year so that the scheme is
                                     not construed in a manner that if offends the spirit of
                                     reasonableness enshrined in Article 14 of the  
                                     Constitution of India. The scheme for payment of
                                     increment would have to be read as whole and one
                                     part of Article 151 of CSR cannot be read in isolation
                                     so as to frustrate the other part particularly when
                                     the  other part creates right in the central   
                                     government servant to receive increment. This would
                                     ensure that scheme of progressive appointment  
                                     remains  intact and the rights earned by a     
                                     government servant remains protected and are not
                                     denied due to a fortuitous circumstance.”      
                                   20. Similar view has also been expressed by different
                                   High Courts, namely, the Gujarat High Court, the 
                                   Madhya Pradesh High Court, the Orissa High Court and
                                   the Madras High Court. As observed hereinabove, to
                                   interpret Regulation 40(1) of the Regulations in the
                                   manner in which the appellants have understood and/or
                                   interpretated would lead to arbitrariness and denying a
                                   government servant the benefit of annual increment
                                   which he has already earned while rendering specified
                                   period of service with good conduct and efficiently in
                                   the last preceding year. It would be punishing a person
                                   for no fault of him. As observed hereinabove, the
                                   increment can be withheld only by way of punishment
                                   or he has not performed the duty efficiently. Any
                                   interpretation which would lead to arbitrariness and/or
                                   unreasonableness should be   avoided. If  the    
                                   interpretation as suggested on behalf of the appellants
                                   and the view taken by the Full Bench of the Andhra
                                   Pradesh High Court is accepted, in that case it would
                                   tantamount to denying a government servant the   
                                   annual increment which he has earned for the services
                                   he has rendered over a year subject to his good  
                                   behaviour. The entitlement to receive increment  
                                   therefore crystallises when the government servant
                                   completes requisite length of service with good conduct
                                   and becomes payable on the succeeding day. In the
                                   present case the word “accrue” should be understood
                                   liberally and would mean payable on the succeeding
                                   day. Any contrary view would lead to arbitrariness and
                                   unreasonableness and denying a government servant
                                   legitimate one annual increment though he is entitled to
                                   for rendering the services over a year with good 
                                   behaviour and efficiently and therefore, such a narrow
                                   interpretation should be avoided. We are in complete
                                   agreement with the view taken by the Madras High 
                                   Court in the case of P. Ayyamperumal (supra); the Delhi
                                   High Court in the case of Gopal Singh (supra); the
                                   Allahabad High Court in the case of Nand Vijay Singh
                                   (supra); the Madhya Pradesh High Court in the case of
                                   Yogendra Singh Bhadauria (supra); the Orissa High
                                   Court in the case of AFR Arun Kumar Biswal (supra);
                                   and the Gujarat High Court in the case of Takhatsinh
                                   Udesinh Songara (supra). We do not approve the   
                                   contrary view taken by the Full Bench of the Andhra
                                   Pradesh High Court in the case of Principal Accountant-
                                   General, Andhra Pradesh (supra) and the decisions of
                                   the Kerala High Court in the case of Union of India v.
                                   Pavithran (O.P.(CAT) No. 111/2020 decided on     
                                   22.11.2022) and the Himachal Pradesh High Court in the
                                   case of Hari Prakash v. State of Himachal Pradesh (CWP
                                   No. 2503/2016 decided on 06.11.2020).            

                                           Page 14 of 16                            
                                   21. In view of the above and for the reasons stated
                                   above, the Division Bench of the High Court has rightly
                                   directed the appellants to grant one annual increment
                                   which the original writ petitioners earned on the last
                                   day of their service for rendering their services
                                   preceding one year from the date of retirement with
                                   good behaviour and efficiently. We are in complete
                                   agreement with the view taken by the Division Bench of
                                   the High Court. Under the circumstances, the present
                                   appeal deserves to be dismissed and is accordingly
                                   dismissed. However, in the facts and circumstances of
                                   the case, there shall be no order as to costs.”  
               18.     In course of hearing, Learned  Addl. G.A., Mr. D. Sarma      
               submitted that the cases referred by the present petitioner in the   
               given case are different and those cases were relevant in respect of 
               Central Government  employees not in respect of State Government     
               employees  because in P. Ayyamperumal   Vs. The Registrar, CAT &     
               Others (Annexure-5), the governing  rule was Central Civil Service   
               (Revised Pay) Rules, 2008 and in the instant case, the governing rule
               was Tripura State Civil Service (Revised Pay) Rules, 2009. But it is the
               settled position of law that after promulgation of every Central revised
               pay rules, the same are adopted by the respective States and in the  
               same  manner,  the State of Tripura also adopted the Central Civil   
               Services (Revised Pay) Rules, 2008 in the name  and  style of the    
               Tripura State Civil Services (Revised Pay) Rules, 2009 with slight   
               modification. Rule 10 of the Central Civil Services (Revised Pay)    
               Rules, 2008 and Rule 11 of the Tripura State Civil Services (Revised 
               Pay) Rules, 2009 are almost similar and identical applicable to Central
               and State Government  employees  respectively which prescribes that  
               all the Government employees are entitled to receive their respective
                                                              st                    
               yearly annual increment on the uniform date of 1 July, every year    
               and  basing upon  the same  rule, the Hon’ble Madras  High Court     

                                           Page 15 of 16                            
               considered the  case  of the  petitioner and granted  one  yearly    
               increment accrued on the date of his retirement.                     
               19.     From the principles                                          
                                          of law laid down by  the Hon’ble Apex     
               Court, it appears that a Government servant is granted the annual    
               increment on the basis of his good conduct while rendering one year  
               service. Increments are given annually to the  officers with good    
               conduct  unless such  increments are  withheld as a  measure  of     
               punishment  or linked with efficiency. Therefore, the increment is   
               earned for rendering service with good conduct in a year/specified   
               period. The moment  a  Government  servant rendered service for a    
               specified period with good conduct in a time scale is entitled to the
               annual increment and it can be said that he has earned the annual    
               increment for rendering the specified period of service with good    
               conduct and therefore, as such, he is entitled to the benefit of annual
               increment on the eventuality of having served for a specific period of
               one year with good conduct efficiently. In such a situation, there was
               no scope to deny the annual increment which the employee/servant     
               earned/is entitled to for rendering the service with good conduct and
               efficiently.                                                         
               20.     Here in the given case, there is no evidence on record that  
               there was any  adverse remark/misconduct by  the petitioner during   
               the period the petitioner served in the department. Situated thus,   
               taking the plea by the State-respondents that the said principle of law
               laid down by the Hon’ble Apex Court cannot be applied in the present 
               case on  the ground  that the facts of that case are not similarly   
               situated with the facts of the present case and any contrary view    

                                           Page 16 of 16                            
               would lead to the arbitrariness and denying a Government servant his 
               legitimate right of annual increment which the employees entitled for
               rendering in the  services over a  year with good  behavior  and     
               efficiency. Thus, from the facts and circumstances of the present    
               case, it appears that the State-respondent authority without any basis
               rejected the claim of the petitioner stating that on 01.07.2019 he was
               not on duty and  as such, the stand taken by the state-respondent    
               that the present petitioner is not entitled to any annual increment  
               which he earned for serving the period with effect from 01.07.2018 to
               30.06.2019 cannot be legally sustained.                              
               21.     In the result, the writ petition filed by the present petitioner is
               hereby allowed. The memorandum   dated 20.09.2021 and subsequent     
               communication  dated  11.04.2022  (Annexures-2  & 4)  accordingly    
               stands set aside. The petitioner shall be given one notional increment
               for the period from 01.07.2018 to 30.06.2019 as he has completed     
               one full year of service though his increment fell due on 01.07.2019 
               i.e. on the next day of his retirement, for the purpose of pensionary
               benefits only. But considering the facts and circumstances of the case,
               no order is passed as to costs.                                      
                       With this observation, this writ petition is thus allowed.   
                       Pending applications(s), if any, also stands disposed of.    
                                                              JUDGE                 
       MOUMITA                                                                      
                 Digitally signed by MOUMITA                                        
                 DATTA                                                              
       DATTA                                                                        
                 Date: 2024.12.19 16:47:33 -08'00'                                  
        Deepshikha