reportable
IN THE HIGH COURT OF MANIPUR
AT IMPHAL
WP(C) No. 304 of 2024
Shri Laikhuram Nandabir Singh, aged about 52 years, S/o (L)
Laikhuram Noyon Singh, a resident of Wangjing Wangkhei,
P.O. Wangjing, P.S. Thoubal, Thoubal District Manipur.
... Petitioner/s
…
- Versus -
1. The State of Manipur represented by the
Commissioner/Secretary, Directorate of Education (S),
Government of Manipur, Secretariat Building P.O. & P.S.
Imphal, Imphal West District, Manipur-795001.
2. The Director of Education (S), Government of Manipur,
Lamphelpat, DC Office Complex, P.O. & P.S. Lamphel, Imphal
West District, Manipur-795004.
3. The Zonal Education officer, Zone-III, Thoubal, Thoubal District,
Government of Manipur-795138.
4. The Principal, Lamding Hr. Sec. School at Lamding, P.O. & P.S.
Thoubal, Thoubal District, Manipur-795138.
........Respondent/s
With
MC(WP(C) No. 274 of 2024
Shri Laikhuram Nandabir Singh, aged about 52 years, S/o (L)
Laikhuram Noyon Singh, a resident of Wangjing Wangkhei,
P.O. Wangjing, P.S. Thoubal, Thoubal District Manipur.
... Petitioner/s
…
- Versus -
WP(C) No. 304 of 2024 with
MC(WP(C) No. 274 of 2024 Page 1
1. The State of Manipur represented by the
Commissioner/Secretary, Directorate of Education (S),
Government of Manipur, Secretariat Building P.O. & P.S.
Imphal, Imphal West District, Manipur-795001.
2. The Director of Education (S), Government of Manipur,
Lamphelpat, DC Office Complex, P.O. & P.S. Lamphel, Imphal
West District, Manipur-795004.
3. The Zonal Education officer, Zone-III, Thoubal, Thoubal District,
Government of Manipur-795138.
4. The Principal, Lamding Hr. Sec. School at Lamding, P.O. & P.S.
Thoubal, Thoubal District, Manipur-795138.
........Respondent/s
B E F O R E
HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE A. GUNESHWAR SHARMA
For the petitioners :: Mrs. G. Pushpa, Adv.
For the respondents :: Mr. S. Nepolean, G.A. assisted by
Mrs. RK Emliy, Dy GA
Date of Hearing :: 20.06.2024/16.12.2024
Date of Judgment and Order :: 27.12.2024
JUDGMENT & ORDER (CAV)
[1] Heard Mrs. G. Pushpa, learned counsel for the petitioner and
Mr. S. Nepolean, learned G.A. for the State respondents.
[2] The present writ petition has been filed to issue a writ in the
nature of Mandamus or any other appropriate writ directing the respondents
to allow the petitioner to undergo 2 (two) years B.Ed. Training Course in the
DM College of Teachers Education Imphal.
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MC(WP(C) No. 274 of 2024 Page 2
[3] The petitioner was initially appointed as Science Graduate
Teacher vide Government order dated 07.03.2003 issued by the Director of
Education (S), Government of Manipur and posted at Charangpat High
School. Vide Government order dated 16.06.2012 issued by the office of the
Secretariat Education Department (School Selection), on the
recommendation of DPC held on 08.05.2012 in association with the MPSC
and with their concurrence under their letter dated 11.05.2012, the petitioner
was promoted as Lecturer (Physics) of Higher Secondary School under the
Department of Education (S) and posted at Chaoyaima Hr. Sec. School and
the name of the petitioner is at Sl. No. 41 of the order dated 16.06.2012. Vide
order dated 20.04.2021, the petitioner was transferred and posted at
Lamding Hr. Sec. School as Lecturer (Physics) till now.
[4] The Government of Manipur amended the Recruitment Rules
for the post of lecturer Hr. Sec. Schools vide notification dated 02.12.2021
and consequent upon the amendment of RR, the Government of Manipur
issued a notification dated 29.06.2022 re-designating the post of Lecturer
Hr. Sec. School as Post Graduate teacher. Consequent upon the
amendment of the RR and its subsequent notification dated 29.06.2022, the
petitioner requires to undergo 2 (two) years B.Ed. Training Course as the
same RR has distinguished the Lecturer Hr. Sec. Schools, Government of
Manipur as trained and un-trained.
[5] The Directorate of Education (S), Government of Manipur
issued a notification dated 23.05.2022 inviting applications from all intending
eligible in-service Graduate Teacher (Science & Arts) serving under the
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MC(WP(C) No. 274 of 2024 Page 3
Directorate of Education (S) for undergoing 2 (two) years B.Ed. programme
for the session 2022-2024 at D.M. College of Teacher Education, Imphal. In
response to the notification dated 23.05.2022, the petitioner submitted an
application dated 16.06.2022 to the Zonal Education Officer, Zone-III,
Thoubal, Government of Manipur for issuance of NOC for undergoing B.Ed.
Training for the session 2022-2024 on deputation for 2 (two) years at D.M.
College of Teachers Education, Imphal and the said application was duly
received by the office of respondent No. 3 on 16.06.2022. Thereafter, the
petitioner on being submitted an application addressed to the Principal,
Lamding Hr. Sec. School vide office letter dated 10.06.2022 addressed to
the Director, Directorate of Education (S), Government of Manipur forwarded
the name of the petitioner for continuing his study for B.Ed. Training Course.
[6] The Principal, Lamding Hr. Sec. School issued a No Objection
Certificate to certify that the office of the Principal has no objection to the
deputation of the petitioner for the study of B.Ed. Training Course. However,
there was no response from the authorities of the Department of Education
(S). The petitioner came across another notification No. 5/2/2/07-DE(S)Pt
issued by the Director of Education (S), Manipur inviting applications from all
intending eligible in-service Graduate Teacher (Science & Arts) serving
under the directorate of Education (S) for undergoing 2 (two) years B.Ed.
Programme at DM College of Teachers Education Imphal. As the petitioner
being left out for the session 2023-2024, he applied to undergo 2 (two) years
B.Ed. Programme for the session 2023-2025.
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[7] Respondent Nos. 1 & 2 filed counter affidavit stating that vide
notification dated 23.05.2022 wherein it is stated that the application along
with service particulars like regular appointment order, Employee/MGEL
Profile, Date of Birth Certificate, Service Identity Card and No Objection
Certificate from the concerned ZEOs on or before 15.06.2022 without fail for
undergoing 2 (two) years B.Ed. Programme for the session 2022-2024 at
DM College of Teachers Education, Imphal. It is stated that the reason for
not selecting the petitioner for the session 2022-2024 was that the Principal,
Lamding Higher Secondary School forwarded the letter dated 10.06.2022
without NOC from the ZEO concerned. Further, it is stated that the petitioner
submitted the application dated 16.06.2022 to the ZEO, Zone-III, Thoubal
requesting to issue NOC only after the expiry of the date prescribed in the
notification dated 23.05.2023. It is also stated that the petitioner was found
not eligible for undergoing 2 (two) years B.Ed. Training Course for the
academic session 2023-2025 as per the notification dated 14.03.2014
issued by the Director of University & Higher Education, Manipur in
connection with the admission policy for the said course. The notification
(para 3.a) mentions that
“a minimum of 8 (eight) years of service before
retirement on superannuation at the time of deputation/nomination for B.Ed.
It is stated that the order of deputation of 50
Programme is mandatory.”
te of
teachers was issued on 04.10.2023 and as the petitioner’s da
superannuation falls on 30.04.2031, he has less that the mandatory 8 (eight)
years at the time of deputation. It is prayed that writ petition be dismissed
being devoid of merit.
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[8] The petitioner filed rejoinder affidavit wherein it is stated that
as per the notification dated 23.05.2022, the concerned Principal in-charge,
Lamding Hr. Sec. School, Lamding submitted the name of the petitioner for
undergoing B.Ed. Training Course in deputation vide letter dated 10.06.2022
and also issued a NOC from the school as per petitioner’s certificate dated
03.06.2022. It is stated that the Government of Manipur inducted the new
R.R. vide notification dated 02.12.2021 and consequent upon the new RR,
the Government issued the notification dated 29.06.2022 re-designated the
post of Lecturer Hr. Sec. School as Post Graduate Teacher and on such re-
designation, it has been declared that normal increment shall be
released/granted notionally (without arrears) from the date of
passing/declaration of the trained examination prescribed in the respective
RRs in respect of existing un-trained Teachers. It is also stated that prior to
the issuance of the notification dated 29.06.2022, all the Lecturers serving
under the Government Hr. Sec. Schools were on equal footing irrespective
of completion of two years B.Ed. Course or not. However, due to the
issuance of the order dated 29.06.2022 undergoing B.Ed. Course has been
made necessary for all the Lecturers serving under Government Hr. Sec.
Schools. Moreover, the Notification dated 14.03.2014 in para 7 of the
notification which reads as - The Department of
“7. Removal of Difficulties:
University and Higher Education, Government of Manipur may modify/alter
any of the above clauses partly or wholly to remove any difficulties in the
In the
implementation of the Admission Policy as and when necessary......”
present case, the petitioner has been facing difficulties and these difficulties
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can be solved by way of invoking para 7 of the Notification as Rules shall not
exercise in a manner to create difficulties in the service career of a
government servant and hence, it is prayed that the writ petition be allowed.
[9] Mrs. G. Pushpa, learned counsel for the petitioner submits that
the petitioner was otherwise eligible for getting increments in terms of the
earlier RR and since the RR was subsequently amended later in the year
2021 thereby requiring 2 years B.Ed. Training for becoming a trained Post
Graduate Teacher. Under the erstwhile RR, there was no requirement of
training for a Lecturer post, now re-designated as PGT. A new condition was
also imposed by the new RR for the PGT to have a remaining tenure of 8
years of service to be eligible for the training. The petitioner applied for B.
Ed. Training at DM College of Teacher Education, Imphal for the session
2022-2024 through proper channel. However, there was no response from
the authority. It is stated that the petitioner again applied for the session of
2023-2025 for the 2 years B. Ed. Programme. His candidature was not
considered for the session of 2023-2025. However, in the counter affidavit
of the respondents, it is stated the petitioner was not eligible for the training
in terms of Para 3(A)(ii)(a) of the Notification dated 14.03.2014 issued by the
Director of University & Higher Education, Govt. of Manipur regulating
admission to B.Ed. Course in the DM College of Teacher Education, Imphal
on the ground that the petitioner did not have minimum of 8 years tenure of
service before retirement.
[10] Mrs. G. Pushpa, learned counsel draws the attention of this
Court to the Notification dated 29.06.2022 issued by Finance Department
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MC(WP(C) No. 274 of 2024 Page 7
(Pay Implementation Cell), Govt. of Manipur to the effect that a Lecturer
(Higher Secondary School), now redesignated as Post Graduate Teacher
(PGT) shall be entitled to normal increment notionally (without arrears) from
the date of passing of the trained examination prescribed in the RR in respect
of the existing untrained teachers. Recruitment Rules for the post of
Lecturer, Higher Secondary Education (2021) prescribes B. Ed. From a
recognised Institute as one of the essential criteria. Reading together the RR
of 2021 and Notification dated 29.06.2022, an untrained Lecturer (now, PGT)
like the petitioner will not be eligible to receive the normal increment unless
he/she passes the B.Ed. course. It is also pointed out that there is guideline
for selecting the candidates for taking admission in B. Ed. Course in DM
College of Teacher Education in view of limited number of seats of 230 per
session and the authority resorts to pick and choose method. This is the
reason why the petitioner was not considered in the session of 2022-2024,
when he was eligible. In the session of 2023-2025, he was held ineligible for
not having 8 years of regular service prior to superannuation as disclosed
for the first time in the counter affidavit.
[11] Learned counsel for the petitioner submits that the State
respondents cannot now take advantage of their own wrongs. In the year
2022-2024, the name was not considered without any intimation
petitioner’s
and he was eligible for that session. But in the year 2023-2025, he has
allegedly been not considered for not having minimum 8 years of service. It
is pleaded that the State cannot blow hot and cold at the same time and
cannot take advantage of the lapse committed for the session of 2022-2025.
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MC(WP(C) No. 274 of 2024 Page 8
Reliance is placed on a recent judgment of a Division Bench of this Court in
the case of Ch. Deependra Singh & Ors. v. State of Manipur & Ors.: 2023
(4) MnLJ 435 @ Para 18 holding that the State respondents cannot be
allowed to take advantage of lapses or mistakes committed by them while
framing the rules and the employees cannot be made to suffer for the
mistake or lapses committed by the State. It is pointed out that in the present
case, the State respondents committed serious lapses when they did not
consider the case of the petitioner for admission to B. Ed. Course for 2022-
2024 session when he was eligible at that time. Now it cannot plead that the
petitioner is not eligible for 2023-2025 session. For the lapse of the
respondents, the petitioner is likely to lose the entitlement of normal
increment. It is submitted that in order to ameliorate the suffering of the
petitioner created by the lapses of the respondent, the petitioner be
permitted to take admission in B. Ed. Course in any available seat of any
session notwithstanding whether he is eligible or not of having minimum 8
years of remaining service.
[12] The second limb of submission of Mrs. G. Pushpa, learned
counsel for the petitioner is that there cannot be no amendment in the service
rule with retrospective effect so as to eliminate an accrued right to an
employee. This is the constitutional mandate that by a retrospective
legislation, the service conditions of an employee cannot be altered to his
disadvantage and any amendment has to be prospective with proper
safeguard of existing employees. On this point, reference is made to the
decisions of Union of India v.
the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of
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MC(WP(C) No. 274 of 2024 Page 9
Tushar Ranjan Mohanty: (1994) 5 SCC 450 @ Para 14 holding that
legislatures and the competent authority under Article 309 of the Constitution
of India have the power to make laws with retrospective effect, but cannot
do so to negate the accrued right. It is submitted that in the present case,
the amendment in RR (2021) has taken away the accrued right of the
petitioner to entitlement of normal increment, unless he has passed the
B.Ed. course.
[13] Third point raised by the learned counsel for the petitioner is
the principle of promissory estoppel. Reliance is placed on the case of Union
of India v. Godfrey Philips India Ltd.: (1985) 4 SCC 369 @ Para 13 relying
on Motilal Sugar Mills case [(1979) 2 SCC 409] that promissory estoppel
is applicable to both legislative and executive action except for doing
contrary to law or against public policy. It is pointed out that by resorting to
para 7 of the Notification dated 14.03.2014, the State respondents could
have removed the difficulties faced by the petitioner due to their lapses. It is
prayed that the respondents be directed to admit the petitioner in any
available seat in any session of B.Ed. in DM College of Teacher Education
so as to enable him to receive regular increments. Otherwise, it will amount
to depriving the petitioner of an accrued right by retrospective amendment
in RR in the year 2021.
[14] Mr. S. Nepolean, learned Govt. Advocate submits that as per
Para 3(A)(ii)(a) of the Notification dated 14.03.2014 issued by the
Department of University & Higher Education, Govt. of Manipur, stipulating
norms for admission in B. Ed. Course in DM College of Teacher Education,
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MC(WP(C) No. 274 of 2024 Page 10
the In-Service Candidate should have a minimum of 8 years of service before
retirement on superannuation at the time of nomination for the B. Ed. Course.
The petitioner is to retire on 30.04.2031 and as on date of deputation of 50
teachers for the course, ie, as on 04.10.2023, the petitioner did not have
mandatory 8 years of minimum service for the course 2023-2025. Regarding
the session of 2022-2024, learned GA refers to para 4 of the counter affidavit
that the case of the petitioner was not consider for the session of 2022-2024,
the application was forwarded by the Principal of Lamding Higher Secondary
School without ‘No Objection Certificate’ from the Zonal Education Office. It
is submitted that the petitioner cannot be considered for the session of 2023-
2025 as he did not have minimum 8 years of service. The principle of
promissory estoppel will not be applicable in the present case.
[15] This Court has considered the materials on record and
submissions made at bar and the decisions cited by the parties.
[16] It is an admitted fact that with the introduction of the new RR in
the year 2021, the eligibility criteria of Lecturer of Higher Secondary (now,
redesignated as Post Graduate Teacher) requires passing of B. Ed.
Examination from a recognised Institute. In view of Notification dated
29.06.2022 issued by Finance Department (PIC), Govt. of Manipur, the
existing un-trained PGT will be entitled to the normal increment after passing
of the trained examination prescribed under RR. The new RR creates two
categories of PGTs- trained and untrained, and the same was not in the old
RR. By this retrospective legislation in exercise of power under Article 309
of the Constitution of India, the accrued right of the erstwhile Lecturers has
WP(C) No. 304 of 2024 with
MC(WP(C) No. 274 of 2024 Page 11
been negated, unless they passed the B. Ed. Course from a recognised
Institute. The new RR of 2021 nor the Notification dated 29.06.2022 does
provide any safeguard to the erstwhile Lecturers who are yet to be trained
as B. Ed. under the new RR. Such a situation has been frowned upon by
Tushar
various decisions of the Hon’ble Apex Court including the case of
Ranjan Mohanty (supra).
[17] From perusal of the documents annexed with the writ petition,
it is found that the petitioner submitted an application dated 16.06.2022 to
the Zonal Education Officer Zone-III, Thoubal requesting to issue NOC for
B. Ed. Training course 2022-2024. This Court is of the firmed view that the
alleged non-consideration of the candidature of the petitioner on ground of
not forwarding a copy of NOC from Zonal Education Officer cannot be
accepted, as there is no fault from the side of the petitioner. Any lapses are
from the officials concerned and the petitioner cannot be allowed to suffer
for such lapses. The decision in the case of Ch. Deependra (supra) will
squarely cover the present case. The State respondents cannot hide behind
the plea that the petitioner was not eligible for the session of 2023-2025 for
the lapses committed in 2022-2024 course.
[18] Without going to the legality of retrospective legislation of RR
of 2021 cancelling accrued right of receiving normal increments under the
old RR, this Court thinks it apt to refer to constitutional safeguards as
mandated in Article 59(4) [wrt President], Article 125(2) proviso [wrt Judges
of Supreme Court], Article 158(4) [wrt Governor], Article 221(2) proviso [wrt
WP(C) No. 304 of 2024 with
MC(WP(C) No. 274 of 2024 Page 12
Judges of High Courts] to mention a few that service conditions cannot be
altered to the disadvantages during the tenure of the incumbents.
[19] In the case in hand, the accrued right of the erstwhile Lecturers
(now, PGTs untrained) to receive normal increment has been taken away by
the new RR, unless they pass B. Ed. course from a recognised Institute.
Lecturers like the petitioner herein have to undergo the B. Ed. course in order
to entitlement of normal increment. The petitioner was not considered for the
session 2022-2024 when he was otherwise eligible on mere plea of non-
enclosure of NOC. NOC was applied in time. For the session of 2023-2025,
the rejection is explained in the counter affidavit for the first time that the
petitioner was not eligible as he did not have mandatory minimum 8 years of
service. This Court is of the opinion that the case of the petitioner could have
been considered in the 2022-2024 session itself, even if assuming that there
was no ‘NOC’ from zonal office, by exercising the power under Para 7 of the
Notification dated 14.03.2014. For the lapses of the respondents in 2022-
2024 cannot be cured by technical plea in 2023-2025, in a situation where
accrued right of an employee has been taken away by retrospection
legislation under Article 309 of the Constitution. It is clarified that this Court
is not examining the retrospection legislation of the new RR of 2021, but
considering a device to do justice to the petitioner applying the settled
principle that a person should not be made to suffer for the lapses of the
officials concerned.
[20] In order to do complete justice and in the facts and
circumstances of the present case, it would suffice if the State respondents
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MC(WP(C) No. 274 of 2024 Page 13
are directed to admit the petitioner in B. Ed. course in DM College in any
available seat in any session irrespective of whether the petitioner has 8
years minimum service or not, by invoking power conferred under para 7 of
Notification dated 14.03.2014 for removing difficulties.
[21] In terms of the directions contained in para 20 as above, the
writ petition along with misc. application is disposed of. No cost.
[22] Send a copy of this order to the Administrative Secretary,
Education(S), Govt. of Manipur for information and necessary compliance.
JUDGE
FR/NFR
Kh. Joshua Maring
RAJKUMA Digitally signed
by RAJKUMAR
R PRIYOJIT
PRIYOJIT SINGH
Date: 2024.12.27
SINGH
13:53:32 +05'30'
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